| ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ | | ᠬᠢᠮᠢ᠂ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ᠂ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ | ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | | ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ | ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠤᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠳᠤ | ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠨᠡ᠃ | | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | | ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1.ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ | ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠤᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ 200-300nm ᠦᠶᠡᠰ᠂ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ | ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ | ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | 2.ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠪ ᠢ | ᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | 3.ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠄ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠪ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ | ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ 100 ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ 3-5 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠠᠯᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠤᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠤᠬᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯ | ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ | ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠵᠢᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦ᠄ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠭᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠤᠨᠡ᠃ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ | ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ 160 ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ 1 ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠨᠢ 121 ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠭᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ 10-15 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ | ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | 4. ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠩ᠄ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ | ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠵᠢᠶᠣᠣᠫᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 0.05-50Mms/cm2 ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ |